Streaming Event Processors
The
StreamingEventProcessor
, or Streaming Processor for short, is a type of Event Processor. As any Event Processor, it serves as the technical aspect to handle events by invoking the event handlers written in an Axon application.The Streaming Processor defines itself by receiving the events from a
StreamableMessageSource
. The StreamableMessageSource
is an infrastructure component through which we can open a stream of events. The source can also specify positions on the event stream, so-called Tracking Tokens, used as start positions when opening an event stream. An example of a StreamableMessageSource
is the EventStore
, like for example Axon Server or an RDBMS.Furthermore, Streaming Processors use separate threads to process the events retrieved from the
StreamableMessageSource
. Using separate threads decouples the StreamingEventProcessor
from other operations (e.g., event publication or command handling), allowing for cleaner separation within any application.
Using separate threads allows for parallelization of the event load, either within a single JVM or between several.When starting a Streaming Processor, it will open an event stream through the configured
StreamableMessageSource
. The first time a stream has started, it, by default, will begin at the tail (the oldest/the very first token) of the stream. It keeps track of the event processing progress while traversing the stream. It does so by storing the Tracking Tokens, or tokens for short, accompanying the events. This solution works towards tracking the progress since the tokens specify the event's position on the stream.Head or Tail?The oldest (very first) token is located at the tail of the stream, and the latest (newest) token is positioned at the head of the stream.
Maintaining the progress through tokens makes a Streaming Processor
- 1.able to deal with stopping and starting the processor,
- 2.more resilient against unintended shutdowns, and
- 3.
All combined, the Streaming Processor allows for decoupling, parallelization, resiliency, and replay-ability. It is these features that make the Streaming Processor the logical choice for the majority of applications. Due to this, the "Tracking Event Processor," a type of Streaming Processor, is the default Event Processor.
Default Event ProcessorWhichEventProcessor
type becomes the default processor depends on the event message source available in your application. In the majority of use cases, an Event Store is present. As the Event Store is a type ofStreamableMessageSource
, the default will switch to the Tracking Event Processor.If the application only has an Event Bus configured, the framework will lack aStreamableMessageSource
. It will fall back to the Subscribing Event Processor as the default in these scenarios. This implementation will use the configuredEventBus
as itsSubscribableMessageSource
.
There are two implementations of Streaming Processor available in Axon Framework:
- 1.the Tracking Event Processor (TEP for short), and
- 2.the Pooled Streaming Event Processor (PSEP for short).
Both implementations support the same set of operations. Operations like replaying events through a reset, parallelism and tracking the progress with tokens. They diverge on their threading approach and work separation, as discussed in more detail in this section.
The Streaming Processors have several additional components that you can configure, next to the base options. For other streaming processor features that are configurable, we refer to their respective sections for more details. This chapter will cover how to configure a Tracking or Pooled Streaming Processor respectively.
Firstly, to specify that new event processors should default to a
TrackingEventProcessor
, you can invoke the usingTrackingEventProcessors
method:Axon Configuration API
Spring Boot AutoConfiguration
public class AxonConfig {
// omitting other configuration methods...
public void configureProcessorDefault(EventProcessingConfigurer processingConfigurer) {
processingConfigurer.usingTrackingEventProcessors();
}
}
@Configuration
public class AxonConfig {
// omitting other configuration methods...
@Bean
public ConfigurerModule processorDefaultConfigurerModule() {
return configurer -> configurer.eventProcessing(EventProcessingConfigurer::usingTrackingEventProcessors);
}
}
For a specific Event Processor to be a Tracking instance,
registerTrackingEventProcessor
is used:Axon Configuration API
Spring Boot AutoConfiguration - Java
Spring Boot AutoConfiguration - Properties file
public class AxonConfig {
// omitting other configuration methods...
public void configureTrackingProcessors(EventProcessingConfigurer processingConfigurer) {
// This configuration object allows for fine-grained control over the Tracking Processor
TrackingEventProcessorConfiguration tepConfig =
TrackingEventProcessorConfiguration.forSingleThreadedProcessing();
// To configure a processor to be tracking ...
processingConfigurer.registerTrackingEventProcessor("my-processor")
// ... to define a specific StreamableMessageSource ...
.registerTrackingEventProcessor(
"my-processor", conf -> /* create/return StreamableMessageSource */
)
// ... to provide additional configuration ...
.registerTrackingEventProcessor(
"my-processor", conf -> /* create/return StreamableMessageSource */,
conf -> tepConfig
);
}
}
@Configuration
public class AxonConfig {
// omitting other configuration methods...
@Bean
public ConfigurerModule trackingProcessorConfigurerModule() {
// This configuration object allows for fine-grained control over the Tracking Processor
TrackingEventProcessorConfiguration tepConfig =
TrackingEventProcessorConfiguration.forSingleThreadedProcessing();
return configurer -> configurer.eventProcessing(
// To configure a processor to be tracking ...
processingConfigurer -> processingConfigurer.registerTrackingEventProcessor("my-processor")
// ... to define a specific StreamableMessageSource ...
.registerTrackingEventProcessor(
"my-processor",
conf -> /* create/return StreamableMessageSource */
)
// ... to provide additional configuration ...
.registerTrackingEventProcessor(
"my-processor",
conf -> /* create/return StreamableMessageSource */,
conf -> tepConfig
)
);
}
}
A properties file allows the configuration of some fields on an Event Processor. Do note that the Java configuration provides more degrees of freedom.
axon.eventhandling.processors.my-processor.mode=tracking
axon.eventhandling.processors.my-processor.source=eventStore
If the name of an event processor contains periods
.
, use the map notation:axon.eventhandling.processors[my.processor].mode=tracking
axon.eventhandling.processors[my.processor].source=eventStore
For more fine-grained control when configuring a Tracking Processor, the
TrackingEventProcessorConfiguration
can be used. When invoking the registerTrackingEventProcessor
method, you can provide a tracking processor configuration object, or you can register the configuration instance explicitly:Axon Configuration API
Spring Boot AutoConfiguration - Java
public class AxonConfig {
// omitting other configuration methods...
public void registerTrackingProcessorConfig(EventProcessingConfigurer processingConfigurer) {
TrackingEventProcessorConfiguration tepConfig =
TrackingEventProcessorConfiguration.forSingleThreadedProcessing();
// To register a default tracking config ...
processingConfigurer.registerTrackingEventProcessorConfiguration(config -> tepConfig)
// ... to register a config for a specific processor.
.registerTrackingEventProcessorConfiguration("my-processor", config -> tepConfig);
}
}
@Configuration
public class AxonConfig {
// omitting other configuration methods...
@Bean
public ConfigurerModule trackingProcessorConfigurerModule() {
TrackingEventProcessorConfiguration tepConfig =
TrackingEventProcessorConfiguration.forSingleThreadedProcessing();
return configurer -> configurer.eventProcessing(
// To register a default tracking config ...
processingConfigurer -> processingConfigurer.registerTrackingEventProcessorConfiguration(config -> tepConfig)
// ... to register a config for a specific processor.
.registerTrackingEventProcessorConfiguration(
"my-processor", config -> tepConfig
)
);
}
}
Firstly, to specify that every new processors should default to a
PooledStreamingEventProcessor
, you can invoke the usingPooledStreamingEventProcessors
method:Axon Configuration API
Spring Boot AutoConfiguration
public class AxonConfig {
// omitting other configuration methods...
public void configureProcessorDefault(EventProcessingConfigurer processingConfigurer) {
processingConfigurer.usingPooledStreamingEventProcessors();
}
}
@Configuration
public class AxonConfig {
// omitting other configuration methods...
@Bean
public ConfigurerModule processorDefaultConfigurerModule() {
return configurer -> configurer.eventProcessing(EventProcessingConfigurer::usingPooledStreamingEventProcessors);
}
}
For a specific Event Processor to be a Pooled Streaming instance,
registerPooledStreamingProcessor
is used:Axon Configuration API
Spring Boot AutoConfiguration - Java
Spring Boot AutoConfiguration - Properties file
public class AxonConfig {
// omitting other configuration methods...
public void configurePooledStreamingProcessors(EventProcessingConfigurer processingConfigurer) {
// This configuration object allows for fine-grained control over the Pooled Streaming Processor
EventProcessingConfigurer.PooledStreamingProcessorConfiguration psepConfig =
(config, builder) -> builder/* ... */;
// To configure a processor to be pooled streaming ...
processingConfigurer.registerPooledStreamingEventProcessor("my-processor")
// ... to define a specific StreamableMessageSource ...
.registerPooledStreamingEventProcessor(
"my-processor", conf -> /* create/return StreamableMessageSource */
)
// ... to provide additional configuration ...
.registerPooledStreamingEventProcessor(
"my-processor", conf -> /* create/return StreamableMessageSource */, psepConfig
);
}
}
@Configuration
public class AxonConfig {
// omitting other configuration methods...
@Bean
public ConfigurerModule pooledStreamingProcessorConfigurerModule() {
// This configuration object allows for fine-grained control over the Pooled Streaming Processor
EventProcessingConfigurer.PooledStreamingProcessorConfiguration psepConfig =
(config, builder) -> builder/* ... */;
return configurer -> configurer.eventProcessing(
// To configure a processor to be pooled streaming ...
processingConfigurer -> processingConfigurer.registerPooledStreamingEventProcessor("my-processor")
// ... to define a specific StreamableMessageSource ...
.registerPooledStreamingEventProcessor(
"my-processor",
conf -> /* create/return StreamableMessageSource */
)
// ... to provide additional configuration ...
.registerPooledStreamingEventProcessor(
"my-processor",
conf -> /* create/return StreamableMessageSource */,
psepConfig
)
);
}
}
A properties file allows the configuration of some fields on an Event Processor. Do note that the Java configuration provides more degrees of freedom.
axon.eventhandling.processors.my-processor.mode=pooled
axon.eventhandling.processors.my-processor.source=eventStore
If the name of an event processor contains periods
.
, use the map notation:axon.eventhandling.processors[my.processor].mode=pooled
axon.eventhandling.processors[my.processor].source=eventStore
For more fine-grained control when configuring a Pooled Streaming Processor, the
PooledStreamingProcessorConfiguration
can be used. When invoking the registerPooledStreamingEventProcessor
method, you can provide a pooled streaming processor configuration object, or you can register the configuration instance explicitly:Axon Configuration API
Spring Boot AutoConfiguration - Java
public class AxonConfig {
// omitting other configuration methods...
public void registerPooledStreamingProcessorConfig(EventProcessingConfigurer processingConfigurer) {
EventProcessingConfigurer.PooledStreamingProcessorConfiguration psepConfig =
(config, builder) -> builder/* ... */;
// To register a default pooled streaming config ...
processingConfigurer.registerPooledStreamingEventProcessorConfiguration(psepConfig)
// ... to register a config for a specific processor.
.registerPooledStreamingEventProcessorConfiguration("my-processor", psepConfig);
}
}
@Configuration
public class AxonConfig {
// omitting other configuration methods...
@Bean
public ConfigurerModule pooledStreamingProcessorConfigurerModule() {
EventProcessingConfigurer.PooledStreamingProcessorConfiguration psepConfig =
(config, builder) -> builder/* ... */;
return configurer -> configurer.eventProcessing(
// To register a default pooled streaming config ...
processingConfigurer -> processingConfigurer.registerPooledStreamingEventProcessorConfiguration(psepConfig)
// ... to register a config for a specific processor.
.registerPooledStreamingEventProcessorConfiguration(
"my-processor", psepConfig
)
);
}
}
The error mode differs between the Tracking- and Pooled Streaming Event Processor.
Whenever the error handler rethrows an exception, a
TrackingEventProcessor
will retry processing the event using an incremental back-off period. It will start at 1 second and double after each attempt until it reaches the maximum wait time of 60 seconds per attempt. This back-off time ensures that in a distributed environment, when another node is able to process events, it will have the opportunity to claim the token required to process the event.The
PooledStreamingEventProcessor
simply aborts the failed part of the process. The Pooled Streaming Processor can deal with this since the threading mode is different from the Tracking Processor. As such, the chance is high the failed process will be picked up quickly by another thread within the same JVM. This chance increases further whenever the PSEP instance is distributed over several application instances.A vital attribute of the Streaming Event Processor is its capability to keep and maintain the processing progress. It does so through the
TrackingToken
, the "token" for short. Such a token accompanies each message a streaming processor receives through its event stream. It's this token that:- 1.specifies the position of the event on the overall stream, and
- 2.is used by the Streaming Processor to open the event stream at the desired position on start-up.
Using tokens gives the Streaming Event Processor several benefits, like:
- Being able to reopen the stream at any later point, picking up where it left off with the last event.
- Dealing with unintended shutdowns without losing track of the last events they've handled.
- Collaboration over the event handling load from two perspectives. First, the tokens make sure only a single thread is actively processing specific events. Secondly, it allows parallelization of the load over several threads or nodes of a Streaming Processor.
To be able to reopen the stream at a later point, we should keep the progress somewhere. The progress is kept by updating and saving the
TrackingToken
after handling batches of events. Keeping the progress requires CRUD operation, for which the Streaming Processor uses the TokenStore
.For a Streaming Processor to process any events, it needs "a claim" on a
TrackingToken
. The processor will update this claim every time it has finished handling a batch of events. This so-called "claim extension" is, just as updating and saving of tokens, delegated to the Token Store. Hence, the Streaming Processors achieves collaboration among instances/threads through token claims.In the absence of a claim, a processor will actively try to retrieve one. If a token claim is not extended for a configurable amount of time, other processor threads can "steal" the claim. Token stealing can, for example, happen if event processing is slow or encountered some exceptions.
Retrieving the current token inside an event handlerWhen processing an event it may be beneficial to retrieve the token belonging to that event. First and foremost, this can be achieved by adding a parameter of typeTrackingToken
to the event handler. This support is mentioned in the Supported Parameters for Event Handlers section.Additionally, you can retrieve the token from the resources collection of the Unit of Work. Both the Tracking and Pooled Streaming Event Processor add the currentTrackingToken
under the key"Processor[{processor-name}]/Token"
.
The Streaming Processor uses a
StreamableMessageSource
to retrieve a stream of events that will open on start-up. It requires a TrackingToken
to open this stream, which it will fetch from the TokenStore
. However, if a Streaming Processor starts for the first time, there is no TrackingToken
present to open the stream with yet.Whenever this situation occurs, a Streaming Processor will construct an "initial token." By default, the initial token will start at the tail of the event stream. Thus, the processor will begin at the start and handle every event present in the message source. This start position is configurable, as is described here.
A Saga's Streaming Processor initial positionA Streaming Processor dedicated to a Saga will default the initial token to the head of the stream. The default initial token position ensures that the Saga does not react to events from the past, as in most cases, this would introduce unwanted side effects.
Conceptually there are a couple of scenarios when a processor builds an initial token on application startup. The obvious one is already shared, namely when a processor starts for the first time. There are, however, also other situations when a token is built that might be unexpected, like:
- The
TokenStore
has (accidentally) been cleared between application runs, thus losing the stored tokens. - The application running the processor starts in a new environment (e.g., test or acceptance) for the first time.
- An
InMemoryTokenStore
was used, and hence the processor could never persist the token to begin with. - The application is (accidentally) pointing to another storage solution than expected.
Whenever a Streaming Processor's event handlers show unexpected behavior in the form of missed or reprocessed events, a new initial token might have been triggered. In those cases, we recommend to validate if any of the above situations occurred.
There are a couple of things we can configure when it comes to tokens. We can separate these options in "initial token" and "token claim" configuration, as described in the following sections:
The initial token for a
StreamingEventProcessor
is configurable for every processor instance. When configuring the initial token builder function, the received input parameter is the StreamableMessageSource
. The message source, in turn, gives three possibilities to build a token, namely:- 1.
createHeadToken()
- Creates a token from the head of the event stream. - 2.
createTailToken()
- Creates a token from the tail of the event stream. Creating tail tokens is the default value for most Streaming Processors. - 3.
createTokenAt(Instant)
/createTokenSince(Duration)
- Creates a token that tracks all events after a given time. If there is an event precisely at that given moment in time, it will also be taken into account.
Of course, you can completely disregard the
StreamableMessageSource
input parameter and create a token by yourself. Consider the following snippets if you want to configure a different initial token:Tracking Processor - Axon Configuration API
Tracking Processor - Spring Boot AutoConfiguration
Pooled Streaming Processor - Axon Configuration API
Pooled Streaming Processor - Spring Boot AutoConfiguration
public class AxonConfig {
// omitting other configuration methods...
public void configureInitialTrackingToken(EventProcessingConfigurer processingConfigurer) {
TrackingEventProcessorConfiguration tepConfig =
TrackingEventProcessorConfiguration.forSingleThreadedProcessing()
.andInitialTrackingToken(StreamableMessageSource::createHeadToken);
processingConfigurer.registerTrackingEventProcessorConfiguration("my-processor", config -> tepConfig);
}
}
@Configuration
public class AxonConfig {
// omitting other configuration methods...
@Bean
public ConfigurerModule initialTrackingTokenConfigurerModule() {
TrackingEventProcessorConfiguration tepConfig =
TrackingEventProcessorConfiguration.forSingleThreadedProcessing()
.andInitialTrackingToken(StreamableMessageSource::createTailToken);
return configurer -> configurer.eventProcessing(
processingConfigurer -> processingConfigurer.registerTrackingEventProcessorConfiguration(
"my-processor", config -> tepConfig
)
);
}
}
public class AxonConfig {
// omitting other configuration methods...
public void configureInitialTrackingToken(EventProcessingConfigurer processingConfigurer) {
EventProcessingConfigurer.PooledStreamingProcessorConfiguration psepConfig =
(config, builder) -> builder.initialToken(messageSource -> messageSource.createTokenSince(
messageSource -> messageSource.createTokenAt(Instant.parse("20020-12-01T10:15:30.00Z"))
));
processingConfigurer.registerPooledStreamingEventProcessorConfiguration("my-processor", psepConfig);
}
}
@Configuration
public class AxonConfig {
// omitting other configuration methods...
@Bean
public ConfigurerModule initialTrackingTokenConfigurerModule() {
EventProcessingConfigurer.PooledStreamingProcessorConfiguration psepConfig =
(config, builder) -> builder.initialToken(
messageSource -> messageSource.createTokenSince(Duration.ofDays(31))
);
return configurer -> configurer.eventProcessing(
processingConfigurer -> processingConfigurer.registerPooledStreamingEventProcessorConfiguration(
"my-processor", psepConfig
)
);
}
}
As described here, a streaming processor should claim a token before it is allowed to perform any processing work. There are several scenarios where a processor may keep the claim for too long. This can occur when, for example, the event handling process is slow or encountered an exception.
In those scenarios, another processor can steal a token claim to proceed with processing. There are a couple of configurable values that influence this process:
tokenClaimInterval
- Defines how long to wait between attempts to claim a segment. A processor uses this value to steal token claims from other processor threads. This value defaults to 5000 milliseconds.eventAvailabilityTimeout
- Defines the time to "wait for events" before extending the claim. Only the Tracking Event Processor uses this. The value defaults to 1000 milliseconds.claimExtensionThreshold
- Threshold to extend the claim in the absence of events. Only the Pooled Streaming Event Processor uses this. The value defaults 5000 milliseconds.
Consider the following snippets if you want to configure any of these values:
Tracking Processor - Axon Configuration API
Tracking Processor - Spring Boot AutoConfiguration
Pooled Streaming Processor - Axon Configuration API
Pooled Streaming Processor - Spring Boot AutoConfiguration
public class AxonConfig {
// omitting other configuration methods...
public void configureTokenClaimValues(EventProcessingConfigurer processingConfigurer) {
TrackingEventProcessorConfiguration tepConfig =
TrackingEventProcessorConfiguration.forSingleThreadedProcessing()
.andTokenClaimInterval(1000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
.andEventAvailabilityTimeout(2000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
processingConfigurer.registerTrackingEventProcessorConfiguration("my-processor", config -> tepConfig);
}
}
@Configuration
public class AxonConfig {
// omitting other configuration methods...
@Bean
public ConfigurerModule tokenClaimValuesConfigurerModule() {
TrackingEventProcessorConfiguration tepConfig =
TrackingEventProcessorConfiguration.forSingleThreadedProcessing()
.andTokenClaimInterval(1000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
.andEventAvailabilityTimeout(2000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
return configurer -> configurer.eventProcessing(
processingConfigurer -> processingConfigurer.registerTrackingEventProcessorConfiguration(
"my-processor", config -> tepConfig
)
);
}
}
public class AxonConfig {
// omitting other configuration methods...
public void configureTokenClaimValues(EventProcessingConfigurer processingConfigurer) {
EventProcessingConfigurer.PooledStreamingProcessorConfiguration psepConfig =
(config, builder) -> builder.tokenClaimInterval(2000)
.claimExtensionThreshold(3000);
processingConfigurer.registerPooledStreamingEventProcessorConfiguration("my-processor", psepConfig);
}
}
@Configuration
public class AxonConfig {
// omitting other configuration methods...
@Bean
public ConfigurerModule tokenClaimValuesConfigurerModule() {
EventProcessingConfigurer.PooledStreamingProcessorConfiguration psepConfig =
(config, builder) -> builder.tokenClaimInterval(2000)
.claimExtensionThreshold(3000);
return configurer -> configurer.eventProcessing(
processingConfigurer -> processingConfigurer.registerPooledStreamingEventProcessorConfiguration(
"my-processor", psepConfig
)
);
}
}
As described at the start, streaming processor threads can "steal" tokens from one another. A token is "stolen" when a thread loses a token claim. Situations like this internally result in an
UnableToClaimTokenException,
caught by both streaming event processor implementations and translated into warn- or info-level log statements.Where the framework uses token claims to ensure that a single thread is processing a sequence of events, it supports token stealing to guarantee event processing is not blocked forever. In short, the framework uses token stealing to unblock your streaming processor threads when processing takes too long. Examples may include literal slow processing, blocking exceptional scenarios, and deadlocks.
However, token stealing may occur as a surprise for some applications, making it an unwanted side effect. As such, it is good to be aware of why tokens get stolen (as described above), but also when this happens and what the consequences are.
When is a Token stolen?
In practical terms, a token is stolen whenever the claim timeout is exceeded.
This timeout is met whenever the token's timestamp (e.g., the
timestamp
column of your token_entry
table) exceeds the claimTimeout
of the TokenStore
. By default, the claimTimeout
value equals 10 seconds. To adjust it, you must configure a TokenStore
instance through its builder, as shown in the Token Store section.The token's timestamp is equally crucial in deciding when the timeout is met. The streaming processor thread holding the claim is in charge of updating the token timestamp. This timestamp is updated whenever the thread finishes a batch of events or whenever the processor extends the claim. When to extend a claim differs between the Tracking and Pooled Streaming processor. You should check out the token claim section if you want to know how to configure these values.
To further clarify, a streaming processor's thread needs to be able to update the token claim and, by extension, the timestamp to ensure it won't get stolen. Hence, a staling processor thread will, one way or another, eventually lose the claim.
Examples of when a thread may get its token stolen are:
- Overall slow event handling
- Too large event batch size
- Blocking operations inside event handlers
- Blocking exceptions inside event handlers
What are the consequences of Token stealing?
The consequence of token stealing is that an event may be handled twice (or more).
When a thread steals a token, the original thread was already processing events from the token's position. To protect against doubling event handling, Axon Framework will combine committing the event handling task with updating the token. As the token claim is required to update the token, the original thread will fail the update. Following this, a rollback occurs on the Unit of Work, resolving most issues arising from token stealing.
The ability to rollback event handling tasks sheds light on the consequences of token stealing. Most event processors project events into a projection stored within a database. Furthermore, if you store the projection in the same database as the token, the rollback will ensure the change is not persisted. Thus, the consequence of token stealing is limited to wasting processor cycles. This scenario is why we recommend storing tokens and projections in the same database.
If a rollback is out of the question for an event handling task, we strongly recommend making the task idempotent. You may have this scenario when, for example, the projection and tokens do not reside in the same database. or when the event handler dispatches an operation (e.g., through the
CommandGateway
). In making the invoked operation idempotent, you ensure that whenever the thread stealing a token handles an event twice (or more), the outcome will be identical.Without idempotency, the consequences of token stealing can be manyfold:
- Your projection (stored in a different database than your tokens!) may incorrectly project the state.
- An event handler putting messages on a queue will put a message on the queue again.
- A Saga Event Handler invoking a third-party service will invoke that service again.
- An event handler sending an email will send that email again.
In short, any operation introducing a side effect that isn't handled in an idempotent fashion will occur again when a token is stolen.
Concluding, we can separate the consequence of token stealing into roughly three scenarios:
- 1.We can rollback the operation. In this case, the only consequence is wasted processor cycles.
- 2.The operation is idempotent. In this case, the only consequence is wasted processor cycles.
- 3.When the task cannot be rolled back nor performed in an idempotent fashion, compensating actions may be the way out.
The
TokenStore
provides the CRUD operations for the StreamingEventProcessor
to interact with TrackingTokens
. The streaming processor will use the store to construct, fetch and claim tokens.When no token store is explicitly defined, an
InMemoryTokenStore
is used. The InMemoryTokenStore
is not recommended in most production scenarios since it cannot maintain the progress through application shutdowns. Unintentionally using the InMemoryTokenStore
counts towards one of the unexpected scenarios where the framework creates an initial token on each application start-up.The framework provides a couple of
TokenStore
implementations:InMemoryTokenStore
- ATokenStore
implementation that keeps the tokens in memory. This implementation does not suffice as a production-ready store in most applications.JpaTokenStore
- ATokenStore
implementation using JPA to store the tokens with. Expects that a table is constructed based on theorg.axonframework.eventhandling.tokenstore.jpa.TokenEntry
. It is easily auto-configurable with, for example, Spring Boot.JdbcTokenStore
- ATokenStore
implementation using JDBC to store the tokens with. Expects that the schema is constructed through theJdbcTokenStore#createSchema(TokenTableFactory)
method. SeveralTokenTableFactory
can be chosen here, like theGenericTokenTableFactory
,PostgresTokenTableFactory
orOracle11TokenTableFactory
implementation.MongoTokenStore
- ATokenStore
implementation using Mongo to store the tokens with.
Where to store Tokens?Where possible, we recommend using a token store that stores tokens in the same database as to where the event handlers update the view models. This way, changes to the view model can be stored atomically with the changed tokens. Furthermore, it guarantees exactly-once processing semantics.
Note that you can configure the token store to use for a streaming processor in the
EventProcessingConfigurer
:Axon Configuration API
Spring Boot AutoConfiguration
To configure a
TokenStore
for all processors:public class AxonConfig {
// omitting other configuration methods...
public void registerTokenStore(EventProcessingConfigurer processingConfigurer) {
TokenStore tokenStore = JpaTokenStore.builder()
// …
.build();
processingConfigurer.registerTokenStore(config -> tokenStore);
}
}
Alternatively, to configure a
TokenStore
for a specific processor, use:public class AxonConfig {
// omitting other configuration methods...
public void registerTokenStore(EventProcessingConfigurer processingConfigurer, String processorName) {
TokenStore tokenStore = JdbcTokenStore.builder()
// …
.build();
processingConfigurer.registerTokenStore(processorName, config -> tokenStore);
}
}
The default
TokenStore
implementation is defined based on dependencies available in Spring Boot, in the following order:- 1.If any
TokenStore
bean is defined, that bean is used. - 2.Otherwise, if an
EntityManager
is available, theJpaTokenStore
is defined. - 3.Otherwise, if a
DataSource
is defined, theJdbcTokenStore
is created. - 4.Lastly, the
InMemoryToken
store is used.
To override the TokenStore, either define a bean in a Spring
@Configuration
class:@Configuration
public class AxonConfig {
// omitting other configuration methods...
@Bean
public TokenStore myTokenStore() {
return JpaTokenStore.builder()
// …
.build();
}
}
Alternatively, inject the
EventProcessingConfigurer
, which allows more fine-grained customization:@Configuration
public class AxonConfig {
// omitting other configuration methods...
@Bean
public ConfigurerModule tokenStoreConfigurerModule() {
TokenStore tokenStore = JdbcTokenStore.builder()
// …
.build();
return configurer -> configurer.eventProcessing(
processingConfigurer -> processingConfigurer.registerTokenStore(conf -> tokenStore)
// or, to define one for a specific processor:
.registerTokenStore("my-processor", conf -> tokenStore)
);
}
}
Implementations of
TokenStore
might share state in the underlying storage. To ensure correct operation, a token store has a unique identifier that uniquely identifies the storage location of the tokens in that store. This identifier can be queried with the retrieveStorageIdentifier
method of your event processor.StreamingEventProcessor eventProcessor = // …
String tokenStoreId = eventProcessor.getTokenStoreIdentifier();
Streaming processors can use multiple threads to process an event stream. Using multiple threads allows the
StreamingEventProcessor
to more efficiently process batches of events. As described here, a streaming processor's thread requires a claim on a tracking token to process events.Thus, to be able to parallelize the load, we require several tokens per processor. To that end, each token instance represents a segment of the event stream, wherein each segment is identified through a number. The stream segmentation approach ensures events aren't handled twice (or more), as that would otherwise introduce unintentional duplication. Due to this, the Streaming Processor's API references segment claims instead of token claims throughout.
You can define the number of segments used by adjusting the
initialSegmentCount
property. Only when a streaming processor starts for the first time can it initialize the number of segments to use. This requirement follows from the fact each token represents a single segment. Tokens, in turn, can only be initialized if they are not present yet, as is explained in more detail here.Whenever the number of segments should be adjusted during runtime, you can use the split and merge functionality. To adjust the number of initial segments, consider the following sample:
Tracking Processor - Axon Configuration API
Tracking Processor - Spring Boot AutoConfiguration
Pooled Streaming Processor - Axon Configuration API
Pooled Streaming Processor - Spring Boot AutoConfiguration
Spring Boot AutoConfiguration - Properties File
The default number of segments for a
TrackingEventProcessor
is one.public class AxonConfig {
// omitting other configuration methods...
public void configureSegmentCount(EventProcessingConfigurer processingConfigurer) {
TrackingEventProcessorConfiguration tepConfig =
TrackingEventProcessorConfiguration.forParallelProcessing(2)
.andInitialSegmentsCount(2);
processingConfigurer.registerTrackingEventProcessorConfiguration("my-processor", config -> tepConfig);
}
}
The default number of segments for a
TrackingEventProcessor
is one.@Configuration
public class AxonConfig {
// omitting other configuration methods...
@Bean
public ConfigurerModule segmentCountConfigurerModule() {
TrackingEventProcessorConfiguration tepConfig =
TrackingEventProcessorConfiguration.forParallelProcessing(2)
.andInitialSegmentsCount(2);
return configurer -> configurer.eventProcessing(
processingConfigurer -> processingConfigurer.registerTrackingEventProcessorConfiguration(
"my-processor", config -> tepConfig
)
);
}
}
The default number of segments for a
PooledStreamingEventProcessor
is sixteen.public class AxonConfig {
// omitting other configuration methods...
public void configureSegmentCount(EventProcessingConfigurer processingConfigurer) {
EventProcessingConfigurer.PooledStreamingProcessorConfiguration psepConfig =
(config, builder) -> builder.initialSegmentCount(32);
processingConfigurer.registerPooledStreamingEventProcessorConfiguration("my-processor", psepConfig);
}
}
The default number of segments for a
PooledStreamingEventProcessor
is sixteen.@Configuration
public class AxonConfig {
// omitting other configuration methods...
@Bean
public ConfigurerModule segmentCountConfigurerModule() {
EventProcessingConfigurer.PooledStreamingProcessorConfiguration psepConfig =
(config, builder) -> builder.initialSegmentCount(32);
return configurer -> configurer.eventProcessing(
processingConfigurer -> processingConfigurer.registerPooledStreamingEventProcessorConfiguration(
"my-processor", psepConfig
)
);
}
}
The default number of segments for a
TrackingEventProcessor
and PooledStreamingEventProcessor
is one and sixteen, respectively.axon.eventhandling.processors.my-processor.mode=pooled
# Sets the initial number of segments
axon.eventhandling.processors.my-processor.initialSegmentCount=32
Parallel Processing and Subscribing Event ProcessorsNote that Subscribing Event Processor don't manage their own threads. Therefore, it is not possible to configure how they should receive their events. Effectively, they will always work on a sequential-per-aggregate basis, as that is generally the level of concurrency in the command handling component.
The Event Handling Components a processor is in charge of may have specific expectations on the event order. The ordering is guaranteed when only a single thread is processing events. Maintaining the ordering requires additional work when the stream is segmented for parallel processing, however. When this is the case, the processor must ensure it sends the events to these handlers in that specific order.
Axon uses the
SequencingPolicy
for this. The SequencingPolicy
is a function that returns a value for any given message. If the return value of the SequencingPolicy
function is equal for two distinct event messages, it means that those messages must be processed sequentially. By default, Axon components will use the SequentialPerAggregatePolicy
, making it so that events published by the same aggregate instance will be handled sequentially. Check out this section to understand how to influence the sequencing policy.Each node running a streaming processor will attempt to start its configured amount of threads to start processing events. The number of segments that a single thread can claim differ between the Tracking- and Pooled Streaming Event Processor. A tracking processor can only claim a single segment per thread, whereas the pooled streaming processor can claim any amount of segments per thread. These approaches provide different pros and cons for each implementation, which this section explains further.
Even though events are processed asynchronously from their publisher, it is often desirable to process certain events in their publishing order. In Axon, the
SequencingPolicy
controls this order. The SequencingPolicy
defines whether events must be handled sequentially, in parallel, or a combination of both. Policies return a sequence identifier of a given event.If the policy returns the same identifier for two events, they must be handled sequentially by the Event Handling Component. Thus, if the
SequencingPolicy
returns a different value for two events, they may be processed concurrently. Note that if the policy returns a null
sequence identifier, the event may be processed in parallel with any other events.** Parallel Processing and Sagas**A saga instance is never invoked concurrently by multiple threads. Therefore, theSequencingPolicy
is irrelevant for a saga. Axon will ensure each saga instance receives the events it needs to process in the order they have been published on the event bus.
Conceptually, the
SequencingPolicy
decides whether an event belongs to a given segment. Furthermore, Axon guarantees that Events that are part of the same segment are processed sequentially.The framework provides several policies you can use out of the box:
SequentialPerAggregatePolicy
- The default policy. It will force domain events that were raised from the same aggregate to be handled sequentially. Thus, events from different aggregates may be handled concurrently. This policy is typically suitable for Event Handling Components that update details from aggregates in databases.FullConcurrencyPolicy
- This policy will tell Axon that this Event Processor may handle all events concurrently. This means that there is no relationship between the events that require them to be processed in a particular order.SequentialPolicy
- This policy tells Axon that it can process all events sequentially. Handling of an event will start when the handling of a previous event has finished.PropertySequencingPolicy
- When configuring this policy, the user is required to provide a property name or property extractor function. This implementation provides a flexible solution to set up a custom sequencing policy based on a standard value present in your events. Note that this policy only reacts to properties present in the event class.MetaDataSequencingPolicy
- When configuring this policy, the user is required to provide ametaDataKey
to be used. This implementation provides a flexible solution to set up a custom sequencing policy based on a standard value present in your events' metadata.
Consider the following snippets when configuring a (custom)
SequencingPolicy
:Axon Configuration API
Spring Boot AutoConfiguration
Spring Boot AutoConfiguration - Properties File
public class AxonConfig {
// omitting other configuration methods...
public void configureSequencingPolicy(EventProcessingConfigurer processingConfigurer) {
PropertySequencingPolicy<SomeEvent, String> mySequencingPolicy =
PropertySequencingPolicy.builder(SomeEvent.class, String.class)
.propertyName("myProperty")
.build();
processingConfigurer.registerDefaultSequencingPolicy(config -> mySequencingPolicy)
// or, to define one for a specific processor:
.registerSequencingPolicy("my-processor", config -> mySequencingPolicy);
}
}
@Configuration
public class AxonConfig {
// omitting other configuration methods...
@Bean
public ConfigurerModule sequencingPolicyConfigurerModule(SequencingPolicy<EventMessage<?>> mySequencingPolicy) {
return configurer -> configurer.eventProcessing(
processingConfigurer -> processingConfigurer.registerDefaultSequencingPolicy(config -> mySequencingPolicy)
// or, to define one for a specific processor:
.registerSequencingPolicy("my-processor", config -> mySequencingPolicy)
);
}
@Bean
public SequencingPolicy<EventMessage<?>> mySequencingPolicy() {
return new SequentialPolicy();
}
}
When we want to configure the
SequencingPolicy
in a properties file, we should provide a bean name:axon.eventhandling.processors.my-processor.mode=tracking
axon.eventhandling.processors.my-processor.sequencing-policy=mySequencingPolicy
This approach does require the bean name to be present in the Application Context of course:
@Configuration
public class AxonConfig {
// omitting other configuration methods...
@Bean
public SequencingPolicy<EventMessage<?>> mySequencingPolicy() {
return new FullConcurrencyPolicy();
}
}
If the available policies do not suffice, you can define your own. To that end, we should implement the
SequencingPolicy
interface. This interface defines a single method, getSequenceIdentifierFor(T)
, that returns the sequence identifier for a given event:public interface SequencingPolicy<T> {
Object getSequenceIdentifierFor(T event);
}
A Streaming Processor cannot process events in parallel without multiple threads configured. We can process events in parallel by running several nodes of an application. Or by configuring a
StreamingEventProcessor
to use several threads. The following section describes the threading differences between the Tracking- and Pooled Streaming Event Processor. These sections are followed up with samples on configuring multiple threads for the TEP and PSEP, respectively.Thread and Segment CountAdjusting the number of threads will not automatically parallelize a Streaming Processor. A segment claim is required to let a thread process any events. Hence, increasing the thread count should be paired with adjusting the segment count.
The
TrackingEventProcessor
uses a ThreadFactory
to start the process of claiming segments. It will use a single thread per segment it is able to claim until the processor exhausts the configured amount of threads. Each thread will open a stream with the StreamableMessageSource
and start processing events at their own speed. Other segment operations, like split and merge, are processed by the thread owning the segment operated on.Since the tracking processor can only claim a single segment per thread, segments may go unprocessed if there are more segments than threads. Hence, we recommend setting the number of threads (on every node) higher than or equal to the total number of segments.
To increase event handling throughput, we recommend changing the number of threads. How to do this is shown in the following sample:
Axon Configuration API
Spring Boot AutoConfiguration
Spring Boot AutoConfiguration - Properties File
public class AxonConfig {
// omitting other configuration methods...
public void configureThreadCount(EventProcessingConfigurer processingConfigurer) {
TrackingEventProcessorConfiguration tepConfig =
TrackingEventProcessorConfiguration.forParallelProcessing(4)
.andInitialSegmentsCount(4);
processingConfigurer.registerTrackingEventProcessorConfiguration("my-processor", config -> tepConfig);
}
}
@Configuration
public class AxonConfig